劍橋雅思5 Test 1閱讀Passage 2答案解析Nature or Nurture

劍橋雅思5 Test 1閱讀Passage 2答案解析Nature or Nurture，今天中國(guó)教育在線就來(lái)為大家分析這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

Nature or Nurture

服從實(shí)驗(yàn)

劍橋雅思5 Test 1 Passage 2閱讀答案解析

第14題答案：F

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：F段：Milgram’s teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock

解析：對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象行為的具體解釋主要是F，G和H三段，其中F段將的是基因的問(wèn)題，對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的biological，而G段和H段則主要說(shuō)是社會(huì)環(huán)境的影響。由此確定答案為F

第15題答案：A

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：A段：Specifically,Milgram told each volunteer‘teacher-subject’that the experiment was in the noble cause of education

解析：關(guān)于實(shí)驗(yàn)的介紹主要出現(xiàn)在前三段，而B(niǎo)段和C段以實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟為主。因此我們先看A段，如果實(shí)在找不到對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容再去看B段和C段，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)A段中的In the noble cause of education，即實(shí)驗(yàn)室為了教育的高尚目的，與題干中的explanation能夠?qū)?yīng)，因此確定答案。

第16題答案：B

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：B段：The supposed‘pupil’was in reality an actor hired by Milgram

解析：跟上面一樣，對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)素材的介紹應(yīng)該在開(kāi)頭部分，A段已經(jīng)選過(guò)，題干文章來(lái)自老烤鴨雅思中也沒(méi)有說(shuō)明有選項(xiàng)可以使用兩次，因此直接排除。將注意力集中在B段和C段，發(fā)現(xiàn)B段中間提到學(xué)生其實(shí)是演員，對(duì)應(yīng)identity一詞，由此確定答案。

第17題答案：D

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：D段：The psychiatrists felt that‘most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts’and they further anticipated that only four per cent would go up to 300 volts.Furthermore,they thought that only a lunatic fringe of about one in 1,000 would give the highest shock of 450 volts.

解析：整個(gè)D段都是在說(shuō)精神科醫(yī)生預(yù)測(cè)的事情。當(dāng)然大家也可以根據(jù)題干中的statistical一詞去文章中尋找百分比，進(jìn)而確定答案。

第18題答案：I

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：I段：This,in essence,is the problem of modern sociobiology–to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates…

解析：sociobiology在最后幾段才出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)14題的分析，F(xiàn)段，G段和H段都在解釋實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象的具體行為，不像是有這種總結(jié)性質(zhì)的東西，因此我們先從I段看起，發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的破折號(hào)和to discover跟題干中的general aim對(duì)應(yīng)，由此確定答案。

第19題答案：C

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：C段：Many of the teacher-subjects balked at administering the higher levels of punishment…Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil’s cries for mercy and carry on with the experiment…

解析：這道題目相對(duì)要簡(jiǎn)單一些，C段的后大半部分幾乎都是在解釋當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象出現(xiàn)猶豫的時(shí)候，米爾格拉姆如何勸說(shuō)他們繼續(xù)，跟題干中的Persuade對(duì)應(yīng)，由此確定答案。

第20題答案：B

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：A段：…punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils’ability to learn.

解析：A選項(xiàng)中450伏危險(xiǎn)是已經(jīng)表明的，不需要測(cè)試。C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)完全沒(méi)有提到。B選項(xiàng)中的punishment跟learn都是原詞重現(xiàn)，help也可以被認(rèn)為是positive effect的同義替換，由此確定B是答案。

第21題答案：D

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：B段：The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question,a shock was to be administered,beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer

解析：選項(xiàng)A完全沒(méi)有提到。實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中是學(xué)生指責(zé)實(shí)驗(yàn)者，而非相反，因此B選項(xiàng)也排除。C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在降低電擊水平上，原文中只提到了升高，是否降低我們不得而知。而D選項(xiàng)中的punishment就對(duì)應(yīng)電擊，而且原文中也明確說(shuō)了實(shí)行電擊的規(guī)則。由此確定答案。

第22題答案：C

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：D段：The overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter.

E段：What were the actual results?Well,over 60 per cent of the teacher-subjects continued to obey Milgram up to the 450-volt limit!

解析：A選項(xiàng)沒(méi)提到，B選項(xiàng)中的fali to agree與原文中consensus相反，也排除。原文中說(shuō)精神科醫(yī)生認(rèn)為幾乎所有人都會(huì)拒絕實(shí)行電擊，而實(shí)際結(jié)果則是有60%的人都采用了450伏的電擊。也就是說(shuō)他們低估了實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象的意愿，因此確定答案為C。

第23題答案：NOT GIVEN

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions…

解析：文章只在第一段介紹實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)人員身份的時(shí)候提到了耶魯大學(xué)，并說(shuō)明實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象來(lái)自各行各業(yè)，但并沒(méi)有提到是否包含耶魯大學(xué)的學(xué)生，因此判斷為NOT GIVEN

第24題答案：TRUE

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：F段：A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait,having been of survival value to our ancestors…

解析：題干前半部分基本都是廢話，判斷的關(guān)鍵在于是否存在positive survival mechnism，而這正好與原文中的sruvival value,advantageous trait對(duì)應(yīng)，因此確定答案。

第25題答案：FALSE

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：H段：…surrendering individual properties like loyalty,self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.

解析：sociological explanation在原文中的G段和H段出現(xiàn)，題干中的personal value和原文中的individual properties對(duì)應(yīng)，authority原詞出現(xiàn)。但原文中說(shuō)的是個(gè)人品質(zhì)屈服于權(quán)威，而非相反，因此判斷為FALSE

第26題答案：FALSE

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：I段：Here we have two radically different explanations…The problem…is to sort out which of these two polar explanations is more plausible.

解析：根據(jù)原文中的說(shuō)法，我們尚不能分辨實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的兩種解釋究竟哪個(gè)對(duì)，也就是說(shuō)還有待解答。這與題干中的solve完全相反，因此判斷答案為FALSE

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